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which do you use with regard to shoes or clothes? the latter two refer specifically to tying. i assume if one verb is more common, it also is more common when used in the reflexive. merci
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Hi Alan, George.
Important : All comments in purple are concerning a specific clothing usage.
Défaire :
« Défaire » has the main sense of « to remove ». Thus, we can :
- défaire un mur > ( destroy a wall )
- défaire un tricot [ détricoter ] > ( unravel a sweater )
- défaire une valise > ( unpack a suitcase )
- défaire ses chaussures > ( take off shoes )
- défaire des vêtements > ( remove clothes )
1) Also, figuratively, we can « défaire un ennemi » > ( defeat/conquer an enemy )
2) For memory : « Faire » and « défaire » ( do/undo ) are two faces of the same verb, and « faire » is very used in comparison to three others verbs, namely, « détacher ; délier ; dénouer ». It's a bit « un verbe à tout faire. » ( a verb to do everything. )
Détacher :
« Détacher » has the main sense of « to disconnect ». So, we can :
- détacher quelqu'un > ( release/liberate someone [ ...who is attached by a rope in a jail, for instance. ] )
- détacher un câble > ( disconnect a cable )
- détacher un crochet [ décrocher ] > ( detach a hook )
- détacher des lacets > ( detach shoelaces )
- détacher un bouton de veste [ déboutonner ] > ( unbridle a jacket button )
1) Figuratively, we can likewise « détacher un employé » > ( dispatch a worker )
2) Another figurative sense of « détacher » is « to contrast », like for instance : « L'arbre se détache sur l'horizon. » > « The tree is on contrast according to the horizon line. »
( https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/x/seul-arbre-sur-l-horizon-54181.jpg )
Délier :
« Délier » has the main sense of « to remove a link ». Consequently, we can :
- délier une corde > ( untie a rope )
- délier un couple > ( separate a couple )
- délier une équipe > ( unlink a team )
- délier les doigts > ( expand/unclench fingers )
- délier une chevelure > ( untangle a hair )
1) For memory : we cannot untie directly clothes. On the contrary, we can untie a link who is on a garment. That's why there is are no examples above.
2) Figuratively, we can « délier une amitié ». That is to say literally, « to unbind friendly links who exists between two persons »
Dénouer :
« Dénouer » has the main sense of « to undo a node ». Therefore, we can :
- dénouer un fil électrique ( unravel a matted electric wire )
- dénouer des fils de péche ( unravel several wires of fishing rods )
- dénouer un muscle ( relax a muscle )
- dénouer une cravate ( untie a tie )
- dénouer un corsage ( open a bodice )
1) From the figurative sense, we also can say « dénouer un problème » who means : « to fix/to resolve a problem ».
Voilà, I assume that it's easier now to make differences between these verbs. And I hope that all of my short translations are correct, of course. ( Anyway, it was a good manner to learn some English verbs who have common points to be linked by the sense… ^^ Thank you, Alan ! )
I add something because I think it's important.
Sometimes, the French language can be insidious through a very small detail for a learner. ( Each langage has his strange subtilities, and each day, I discover that it's the same for the English tongue… So, I must be serious and humble. ^^' )
- « détacher un vêtement » means ( like we seen above ) : « to open/unlock/unbridle/untie/... a garment. »
- « détacher un vêtement » also means « to remove a stain on a garment. »
Which is the main spelling difference between both ?
The answer is : none.
Only the context can make you capable to get deeply the difference. In this case, you have to ask yourself if the talking's subject is concerning « le détachement » or « le détachage ».
Indeed,
- « le détachement » is the action to detach/free/liberate/unlock/unfreeze/unlink something or someone.
( Be aware : « le détachement » means likewise « the mind's detachment state ». )
- « le détachage » is the action to remove simply a stain.
Consequently, after drinking a very dirty coffee, and with a water bottle in a hand and a small cotton piece in the other, if you are saying for your friends or your coworkers : « je dois aller détacher ma cravate pour détacher ma cravate... », everybody will understand that you need to untie your tie to clean it. ^^
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